:root {
    /* === PALETTE — cricket pitch earth + ball red + cream whites === */
    --clr-bg: #F5F0E8;
    --clr-bg-alt: #EDE7DA;
    --clr-surface: #FFFFFF;
    --clr-text: #2C2416;
    --clr-text-soft: #5E5344;
    --clr-text-muted: #8A7E6E;
    --clr-heading: #1A1208;
    --clr-accent: #B83A2A;
    --clr-accent-hover: #9A2E22;
    --clr-accent-soft: rgba(184, 58, 42, 0.08);
    --clr-accent-line: rgba(184, 58, 42, 0.25);
    --clr-green: #3A6B35;
    --clr-green-soft: rgba(58, 107, 53, 0.07);
    --clr-gold: #C4973B;
    --clr-gold-soft: rgba(196, 151, 59, 0.10);
    --clr-border: #D6CEBD;
    --clr-border-light: #E8E2D6;
    --clr-shadow: rgba(44, 36, 22, 0.06);
    --clr-shadow-deep: rgba(44, 36, 22, 0.12);
    --clr-code-bg: #2C2416;
    --clr-code-text: #F5F0E8;
    --clr-blockquote: #F9F6F0;
    --clr-selection-bg: rgba(184, 58, 42, 0.15);
    --clr-selection-text: var(--clr-heading);
    --clr-toc-bg: var(--clr-bg-alt);
    --clr-faq-bg: var(--clr-bg-alt);

    /* === TYPOGRAPHY === */
    --ff-display: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --ff-body: 'Source Serif 4', Georgia, serif;
    --ff-ui: 'DM Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
    --fs-hero: clamp(2.4rem, 5.5vw, 3.5rem);
    --fs-h2: clamp(1.6rem, 3.2vw, 2.4rem);
    --fs-h3: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.55rem);
    --fs-body: clamp(1.02rem, 1.6vw, 1.15rem);
    --fs-small: clamp(0.85rem, 1.3vw, 0.95rem);
    --fs-caption: clamp(0.78rem, 1.1vw, 0.85rem);
    --lh-body: 1.78;
    --lh-heading: 1.18;

    /* === SPACING === */
    --space-xs: 0.5rem;
    --space-sm: 1rem;
    --space-md: 1.75rem;
    --space-lg: 3rem;
    --space-xl: 5rem;
    --space-2xl: 8rem;
    --content-max: 950px;
    --page-max: 995px;

    /* === TRANSITIONS === */
    --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
    --dur-fast: 0.18s;
    --dur-med: 0.35s;
    --dur-slow: 0.6s;

    /* === DECORATIVE === */
    --radius-sm: 4px;
    --radius-md: 8px;
    --radius-lg: 14px;
}

/* === DARK THEME === */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    :root {
        --clr-bg: #161210;
        --clr-bg-alt: #1E1A16;
        --clr-surface: #242018;
        --clr-text: #D8D0C4;
        --clr-text-soft: #A89E90;
        --clr-text-muted: #7A7268;
        --clr-heading: #F0EBDF;
        --clr-accent: #E0604E;
        --clr-accent-hover: #EB7A6A;
        --clr-accent-soft: rgba(224, 96, 78, 0.10);
        --clr-accent-line: rgba(224, 96, 78, 0.30);
        --clr-green: #6AAF62;
        --clr-green-soft: rgba(106, 175, 98, 0.08);
        --clr-gold: #D4A94E;
        --clr-gold-soft: rgba(212, 169, 78, 0.10);
        --clr-border: #3A3428;
        --clr-border-light: #2E281E;
        --clr-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.20);
        --clr-shadow-deep: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
        --clr-code-bg: #0E0C08;
        --clr-code-text: #D8D0C4;
        --clr-blockquote: #1E1A16;
        --clr-selection-bg: rgba(224, 96, 78, 0.25);
        --clr-toc-bg: var(--clr-bg-alt);
        --clr-faq-bg: var(--clr-bg-alt);
    }
}

/* === RESET & FOUNDATION === */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

::selection {
    background: var(--clr-selection-bg);
    color: var(--clr-selection-text);
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    hanging-punctuation: first last;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--ff-body);
    font-size: var(--fs-body);
    line-height: var(--lh-body);
    color: var(--clr-text);
    background-color: var(--clr-bg);
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* grain overlay for texture */
body::before {
    content: '';
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 9999;
    opacity: 0.025;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 256 256' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='noise'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23noise)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    body::before {
        opacity: 0.04;
    }
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

a {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--clr-accent-hover);
}

a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--clr-accent);
    outline-offset: 3px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* === HEADER (empty) === */
body>header {
    display: block;
}

/* === PAGE GRID === */
main {
    max-width: var(--page-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: var(--space-lg) var(--space-md);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    main {
        padding: var(--space-xl) var(--space-lg);
    }
}

/* === ARTICLE CONTENT — H1 (hero heading) === */
main h1 {
    font-family: var(--ff-display);
    font-size: var(--fs-hero);
    font-weight: 900;
    line-height: var(--lh-heading);
    color: var(--clr-heading);
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-md);
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    text-wrap: balance;
    position: relative;
}

main h1::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 64px;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--clr-accent);
    margin-top: var(--space-md);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: clamp(25px, 7.5vw, 45px);
}

/* === H2 === */
main h2, .toc-wrap__title {
    font-family: var(--ff-display);
    font-size: var(--fs-h2);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: var(--lh-heading);
    color: var(--clr-heading);
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-2xl) auto var(--space-md);
    padding-top: var(--space-lg);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--clr-border);
    position: relative;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

main h2::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -1px;
    left: 0;
    width: 48px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--clr-accent);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* first h2 after h1 — less top margin */
main h1+p+h2,
main h1+h2 {
    margin-top: var(--space-xl);
}

/* === H3 === */
main h3 {
    font-family: var(--ff-display);
    font-size: var(--fs-h3);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--clr-heading);
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-lg) auto var(--space-sm);
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

main h3::before {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    background: var(--clr-green);
    border-radius: 50%;
    margin-right: 0.6em;
    vertical-align: middle;
    position: relative;
    top: -1px;
}

/* === PARAGRAPHS === */
main p {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-md);
    color: var(--clr-text);
    text-align: justify;
    word-break: normal;
}

/* lead paragraph — first p after h1 */
main h1+p {
    font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.8vw, 1.25rem);
    color: var(--clr-text-soft);
    line-height: 1.7;
}

/* === STRONG & EM === */
main strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--clr-heading);
}

main em {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--clr-text-soft);
}

/* === LISTS === */
main ul,
main ol {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-md);
    padding-left: 1.4em;
}

main li {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xs);
    padding-left: 0.3em;
}

main li::marker {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
}

/* === TOC — styled as nav list === */
main ul:first-of-type {
    list-style: none;
    padding: var(--space-md) var(--space-lg);
    background: var(--clr-toc-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--clr-border-light);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--clr-accent);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-family: var(--ff-ui);
    font-size: var(--fs-small);
}

main ul:first-of-type li {
    padding: 0.4em 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--clr-border-light);
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 1.2em;
    transition: transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out);
}

main ul:first-of-type li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

main ul:first-of-type li::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--clr-gold);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    transition: transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out), background var(--dur-fast);
}

main ul:first-of-type li:hover {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

main ul:first-of-type li:hover::before {
    background: var(--clr-accent);
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.3);
}

/* === BLOCKQUOTE === */
main blockquote {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-lg) auto;
    padding: var(--space-md) var(--space-lg);
    background: var(--clr-blockquote);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--clr-gold);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--clr-text-soft);
    position: relative;
}

main blockquote::before {
    content: '\201C';
    font-family: var(--ff-display);
    font-size: 4rem;
    color: var(--clr-gold);
    opacity: 0.3;
    position: absolute;
    top: -0.1em;
    left: 0.15em;
    line-height: 1;
}

main blockquote p {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xs);
}

/* === IMAGES === */
main figure {
    max-width: var(--page-max);
    margin: var(--space-xl) auto;
}

main figure img,
main .hero-image,
main .article-image {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px var(--clr-shadow), 0 2px 8px var(--clr-shadow-deep);
    transition: transform var(--dur-med) var(--ease-out), box-shadow var(--dur-med) var(--ease-out);
}

main figure img:hover,
main .article-image:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 40px var(--clr-shadow-deep), 0 4px 12px var(--clr-shadow);
}

.hero-image {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: var(--page-max);
    margin: var(--space-lg) auto var(--space-xl);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 40px var(--clr-shadow-deep);
    aspect-ratio: 21 / 9;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.article-image {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-lg) auto;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

main figcaption {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-xs) auto 0;
    font-family: var(--ff-ui);
    font-size: var(--fs-caption);
    color: var(--clr-text-muted);
    text-align: center;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* === FAQ SECTION === */
main h2:last-of-type~p>strong:only-child {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--ff-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.6vw, 1.2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--clr-heading);
    background: var(--clr-faq-bg);
    padding: var(--space-sm) var(--space-md);
    margin: var(--space-md) calc(-1 * var(--space-md)) var(--space-xs);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--clr-green);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0;
}

/* === CODE (inline) === */
main code {
    font-size: 0.9em;
    background: var(--clr-accent-soft);
    color: var(--clr-accent);
    padding: 0.15em 0.4em;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
}

/* === HORIZONTAL RULE (between sections) === */
main hr {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-xl) auto;
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg,
            transparent,
            var(--clr-border) 20%,
            var(--clr-border) 80%,
            transparent);
}

/* === TABLES (if any) === */
main table {
    max-width: var(--content-max);
    margin: var(--space-lg) auto;
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-family: var(--ff-ui);
    font-size: var(--fs-small);
}

main th {
    background: var(--clr-bg-alt);
    color: var(--clr-heading);
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: left;
    padding: var(--space-sm);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--clr-accent);
}

main td {
    padding: var(--space-sm);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--clr-border-light);
    color: var(--clr-text);
}

main tr:hover td {
    background: var(--clr-accent-soft);
}

/* === FOOTER (empty) === */
body>footer {
    display: block;
}

/* === SCROLL PROGRESS BAR === */
body::after {
    content: '';
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--clr-accent);
    transform-origin: left;
    transform: scaleX(0);
    z-index: 10000;
    animation: progress linear;
    animation-timeline: scroll(root);
}

@keyframes progress {
    to {
        transform: scaleX(1);
    }
}


/* === ANIMATION — content fade-in === */
@keyframes fadeUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(16px);
    }

    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

main>h1 {
    animation: fadeUp var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-out) both;
}

main>h1+p {
    animation: fadeUp var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-out) 0.1s both;
}

/* === RESPONSIVE === */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
    main {
        padding: var(--space-md) var(--space-sm);
    }

    main h2 {
        margin-top: var(--space-xl);
        padding-top: var(--space-md);
    }

    main ul:first-of-type {
        padding: var(--space-sm) var(--space-md);
    }

    main blockquote {
        padding: var(--space-sm) var(--space-md);
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-right: 0;
    }

    main figure {
        margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--space-sm));
        margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--space-sm));
    }

    main figure img {
        border-radius: 0;
    }
}

/* === PRINT === */
@media print {

    body::before,
    body::after {
        display: none;
    }

    main {
        max-width: 100%;
        padding: 0;
    }

    main h2 {
        break-before: page;
    }

    a {
        color: var(--clr-text);
        text-decoration: underline;
    }

    a::after {
        content: ' (' attr(href) ')';
        font-size: 0.8em;
        color: var(--clr-text-muted);
    }
}